Because of the type of individuals police officers in mid-to large cities often deal with, they can engender a mind-set of violence and abuse of power. Certainly, the military approach is efficient; the command style authoritarian so it can get quicker results. However, in going with more modern leadership approaches, the servant leadership, or service style might be more appropriate in many areas. This would stress community service; keeping areas safe, but referring as many problems as possible to social agencies, trying for education and partnership, and working to improve society through a more egalitarian approach in which police are integral to the community's entire philosophy. Part 4 -- Design for an effective police department would entirely depend on the size and composition of the area affected. For instance, large urban area with a concentrated inner-city would require a different organization than a smaller community of 30,000 people. Hypothetically, if we were talking about a small town, 20-30,000 people that did not border on a major city, I would first ensure that the motto of the force had something to do with servant leadership: To protect and to serve, Service to the Community, etc. This would set the tone. I would try to hire those with more like-minded attitudes, which could be based on something as simple as a Meyers-Briggs exam. Certainly, there would need to be a hierarchy, since some staff need to liaison with City Management, etc. At the rate of 30,000...

The overall management model would be, "treat your employee like the greatest asset." This would inspire loyalty and pride within, and coupled with the philosophy of to serve and resort to violence only when absolutely necessary, a more egalitarian approach to policing in the modern world.
Additional Sources:

Patrol Staffing and Development Study. (n.d.) International Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved from: http://www.theiacp.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=AKL78d4MBw8%3 D&tabid=252

Hesser, L. (2010). Police Chief's Desk Reference. International Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved from: http://www.olemiss.edu/ciss/Academics/Research/Police_Chiefs_ Desk_Reference/pdf/4%20org%20strategy%20guide.pdf

Church, J. (April 2007). Non-Sworn Positions in Law Enforcement. Officer.com. Retrieved from: http://www.officer.com/article/10249940/non-sworn-positions-in-law-enforcement

Earle, J. (June 2012). Police Say No Magic When Calculating Staffing Levels. Reporter Newspapers. Retrieved from: http://www.*****/2012/06/28/police-say-theres-no-magic-when-calculating-staffing-levels/

Morrison, J.E. (2010). Servant Leadership -- a Criminal Justice Leadership Value. Concordia. Retrieved from: http://jmorrison.efoliomn.com/SL